Swami Vivekanand
Swami Vivekanand is the most
influential philosopher and authority on Hinduism from modern times. His
original name was Narendra Datta. He was born on January 12, 1863 in the city
of Calcutta (now Kolkata). He belonged to an educated family. His father
Vishwanath Datta used to practice law in Calcutta High Court. He was an
attorney. Swami Vivekanand’s grandfather knew Sanskrit and Persian languages
and had become monk.
Since the childhood young Narendra
was inclined towards the spirituality and ascetics. He studied from Presidency
College in Calcutta. He was a genius and possessed great intellect and photographic
memory. He was a fast reader and could remember the contents of the book read
by him to details. His contemporaries had accepted the fact that he was an
extraordinary person.
He was interested in variety of
subjects like history, philosophy, religion, art, etc. He was very much
interested in studying the Hindu scriptures in depth.
Swami Vivekanand accepted
Ramkrishna Paramahansa as his Guru. Ramkrishna Paramahansa was born on February
18, 1836 in Kamarpukur, Bengal in a Brahmin family. He was a mystic. It means
that he used to go in trance while meditating and literally experience the God.
He was a priest at the Dakshineswar Kali Temple in Calcutta. He believed in and
followed different traditions in Hinduism such as Advaita Vedanta, Shaktism,
etc. He also believed that all religions are different parts going towards the
same goal. Young Narendra Datta met Ramkrishna Paramahansa in 1881 and
subsequently became his disciple.
Swami Vivekanand decided to follow
the Brahmacharya Dharma throughout his life and became a monk. He extensively
travelled throughout India. He was a well-known authority on Hinduism. Swami
Vivekanand is considered as the one who introduced essence of Hinduism to the
Western World during the Parliament of World’s Religions held in the city of
Chicago, United States of America in 1893. He addressed the gathering as his
Brothers and Sisters. By doing so he gave the Hindu message of ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’
meaning the whole world is my family. He became immensely popular religious
figure in United States after his speech and invited at many places in America
and Europe for giving the lectures. Thus, Swami Vivekanand brought Hinduism to
the world stage in real sense of the term.
Swami Vivekanand also can be
considered as the one who brought Hindu principles belonging to different
schools and traditions together. But, one has to accept that he was profoundly
influenced by Advaita Vedanta and teachings of Ramkrishna Paramahansa. He is
also considered as the one who promoted Neo-Vedanta or Hindu Modernism. He practiced the Yoga and meditated ardently. He
was the one who immensely popularised the southern most tip of Indian peninsula
i.e. Kanyakumari by meditating on the Rock situated at the confluence of Bay of
Bengal, Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea. This Rock is famous as Swami Vivekanand
Rock.
In 1897 the Ramakrishna Mission was
established in the memory of Ramkrishna Paramahansa. The Headquarters of the
Ramakrishna Mission are located at Belur Math located in Belur on western bank
of river Hooghly in Howrah district of Bengal.
Apart from spreading the Hindu
philosophy of Vedanta the Ramkrishna Mission also believes in the social work. Since
its inception this organisation is committed to the social work related to
education, heath services, helping the rural population, promoting the welfare
of the tribal people and promoting spiritual teachings, especially among the
youth of India. Hence, the Ramkrishna Mission has established many hospitals,
schools and Colleges since the beginning. The volunteers of Ramakrishna Mission
used to help the people affected by natural calamities like floods, epidemics,
earthquakes, etc.
Swami Vivekanand was against caste
system and believed in the upliftment of women. He was the firm believer in the
concept of service to people is service to God.
This great Hindu Monk and messenger
of universal human values died on July 4, 1802 at the age of thirty nine. He
died while he was meditating. It shows that he was totally devoted towards the
pure way of life and meditation.